PHYSICS DEMO                                                                               1  2  3

 

FLUID MECHANICS

FLUID DYNAMICS

AERODYNAMICS

 

 

Soap Bubble Toy 1870

col scan: Patent Soap Bubble Toy, Milton Bradley 1870

OBrien3.gif

Kubic Bubbles

The Kubic Bubbles kit uses soap films to demonstrate basic geometric shapes such as the tetrahedron, cube, octahedron and triangular prism. It is a very visual educational tool suitable for middle school onwards. It makes an excellent, low cost demonstration suitable for science fairs. It also makes an unusually interesting gift for the young enquiring mind. $11.20

http://www.indigo.com/science-supplies/kubic-bubbles.html

Indigo Instruments

 

Related to BUBBLES... Guy Inchibald (paper puzzle kit maker) article: http://www.queenhill.demon.co.uk/polyhedra/wp/wp.htm - technical article on Weaire-Phelan Bubbles - How would bubbles pack together, to give the least possible amount of surface film between them? This question has not been answered yet; a packing found by Weaire and Phelan is the nearest we have come. They looked for answers to the slightly simpler question, how would equal sized (but not necessarily identically shaped) bubbles pack? The best answer they came up with, which might or might not be the best possible one, was a mixture of 12- and 14-sided bubbles, with slightly curved surfaces. ...

kubic-bubbles.jpg 

Soap Film Minimal Surfaces

MSU - Fluid Mechanics / Surface Tension

{MSU demo}

msu_soapfilmminimalsurfaces.jpg

Bernoulli Car

MSU - Fluid Mechanics /  Dynamics of Fluids - Wind-up car runs at constant velocity while levitating a foam ball.

{MSU demo}

msu_bernoullicar.jpg

Slime

Video Encyclopedia : A commercial product “Slime” flows like a liquid under normal conditions but bounces on impact. Image copyrighted by The Education Group and used by permission. - U of Az {ASU demo}

asu_VE15-19.jpg

Flipperdinger (Floating Ball)

Floating Ball. Arthur Good, La Science Amusante, Troisième Série; 100 Nouvelles Expériences. Tom Tit (pseud.) (Paris: Librairie Larousse, 1906), p.51. [from Provenzo DIY p85]

“floating ball” patented 1877 [McClary I think]

pro_floatingball.gif

Water-cutter

DIY - Henderson p61: “made of a 3-inch piece of tin cut in the shape of a star with two holes in it, 1 1/2 inches apart. A string is then looped through the holes and tied. ‘If spun over a basin of water, and allowed to dip in as it spins, it cuts through the water and sends a shower of spray from it over the operator when it spins in one direction, and over the spectators when it spins in the other.”

henderson.gif

Pinwheel or Windmill

White: Various drawings of windmill toys: medieval, 16th c (253/254), 17th c Dutch with bladder (255)

 

Whirligig

DIY - Henderson p61, looks like 19th c engraving - “consists of a spool with two headless nails driven into it and placed on a spindle with another headless nail in the top. The wings are made of cardboard, bent to catch the air and pierced to fit over the three nails. When a string is wound onto the spool and then pulled sharply off, the wings soar into the air like a helicopter.”

henderson.gif

Helicopter

Helicopter. L.B. Matteson, “Flying Toy,” U.S. Patent No. 811,784. Patented February 6, 1906. [from Provenzo DIY p163] - has woodcut of boy with helicopter toy from c1584

pro_helicopter.gif

Aero miniature flying machine, 1909 ad

col scan: b/w ad, Aero miniature flying machine, May 1909 Playthings - not something you’d build, but it’s a toy and undoubtedly educational

OBrien5.gif

Whistling Balloon Helicopter

Whistling Balloon Helicopter - {RT}, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

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turner1.jpg

Frisbee

 

 

 

 

 

WORK & ENERGY

[for now, including mechanisms (“gizmos”) to be observed, AUTOMATA]

 

Simple early toy mechanisms - stored energy

(1) Excelsior Sand Mill. Cast iron, American c1890.

(2) Thread-and-weight escapement. Tin litho, wind-up. Japanese, c1930. - compare Perpetuo (motion)

(3) Marble escapement lets marbles drop one by one. Hand-painted tin. German, c1900.

(4) Acrobats on ladder. Hand-painted tin. European, c1910.

spilhaus3.gif

Water Clock

 Water Clock - A clock that is powered by water - strange but true! Ages 5 up, £6.95 - www.jammyjoes.com Dorset (UK) toy shop

waterclock.jpg

Astrojax

 The Astrojax is a toy consisting of large beads connected by a string. You hold one ball and bounce the other two around in a chaotic motion. - U of Az {ASU demo}

asu_3A95.560(01).jpg

Hot Wheels Track

MSU - Mechanics / Work and Energy/ Conservation of Energy / HOT WHEELS TRACK

{MSU demo}

msu_hotwheelstrack.jpg

Ping Pong Ball Gun

MSU - Mechanics / Work and Energy/

{MSU demo}

msu_pingpongballgun.jpg

Ping Pong Ball Gun

Pair of Vintage K-Gun Ping-Pong Ball shooters by Kusan, from eBay, went for $25.55 1/05

{MSU demo}

pingpongballguns.jpg

Yo-Yo (Big)

MSU - Mechanics / Work and Energy/

{MSU demo}

msu_bigyoyo.jpg

Frog On A Log

MSU - Mechanics / Work and Energy/ - Push frog down until suction cup sticks to base.  When suction cup releases, frog does a backflip and lands on feet.

{MSU demo}

msu_frogonalog.jpg

Rattleback

MSU - Mechanics / Work and Energy/

{MSU demo}

msu_rattleback.jpg

Dropper Popper

MSU - Mechanics / Work and Energy/

{MSU demo}

msu_dropperpopper.jpg

Hopper Popper

MSU - Mechanics / Work and Energy/

{MSU demo}

msu_hopperpopper.jpg

Hopper-Popper

Hopper-Popper®, - {RT}, Stored energy toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm - see Poppin Hoppers (hand made)

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Happy/Sad Balls

TW

MSU - Mechanics / Properties of Matter

{MSU demo}

msu_deadandliveballs.jpg

Happy/Sad Balls

High Bounce/No Bounce Balls (happy/sad balls), - {RT}, Stored energy toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

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Krazy Roll-A-Ball

Krazy Roll-A-Ball® - {RT}, Stored energy toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

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pumpkin spring-up

pumpkin spring-up, {RT}, Stored energy toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

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Mother-N-Baby

Mother-N-Baby- {RT}, Stored energy toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

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Shuttle-Go-Round

Shuttle-Go-Round, -{RT}, Stored energy toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

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Car Come-Back

Car Come-Back- {RT}, Stored energy toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

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Ka-bong Ball

Ka-bong Ball- {RT}, Stored energy toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

tfig5-wt.jpg

Poppin Hoppers

Poppin Hoppers - Half a handball is turned inside out and dropped on the floor. It bounces to a height higher than it is dropped from seeming to defy conservation of energy. Some of the poppin hoppers are purchased and some made from cutting a handball in half. Turn the half ball inside out and “work” the edges a few times. It tends to stay inside out longer this way. Purpose: To show that energy can be stored in many ways besides potential and kinetic energy. - U of Az {ASU demo}

asu_1M40.91A(01).jpg

 

 

 

PRESSURE

 

 

popgun

popgun, - {RT}, Pressure toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

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dart gun

dart gun, - {RT}, Pressure toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

tfig6-wt.jpg

Mystery Blow Pipe

Mystery Blow Pipe™, - {RT}, Pressure toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

tfig6-wt.jpg

The Hang Up

The Hang Up - {RT}, Pressure toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

tfig6-wt.jpg

Cartesian diver

Cartesian diver, - {RT}, Pressure toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

Everything you wanted to know about the Cartesian Diver

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Happy Bird

Drinking Duck

TW

Happy Bird, - {RT}, Pressure toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

White p. 171: Known as “Hilly Billy” drinking ducks in UK, made by Magnatex.

tfig7-wt.jpg

Magic Love Meter

Magic Love Meter - {RT}, Pressure toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

tfig7-wt.jpg

 

 

 

MOTION

 

 

Pintins automatiques

White, p170 - pair of connected figures described by Tissandier - descend stairs like a slinky. Probably had mercury in the connecting arms

 

Slinky

Slinky Jr.

TW

MSU - Oscillations and Waves / Wave Motion - {MSU demo}

 

http://www.teachingtools.com/Slinky/slinky.html - on ConocoPhillips site - [more info: activities, centrifugal force, etc.] This teaching guide is designed to complement the 20-minute video, Slinky® Science.  Click here to request the video.  Please note that video supplies are limited and may no longer be available.

 

Richard James, a mechanical engineer, was employed by Philadelphia’s Cramp Shipyard in 1943 when he accidentally invented the Slinky®. At the time, he was trying to develop a spring to keep ship instruments steady at sea.

As James tested hundreds of springs of varying sizes, metals, and tensions, he piled the discards onto his desk. One day, an experimental torsion spring fell off the desk and “walked” down a pile of books, tumbling end over end onto the floor.

James was intrigued with the steel spring’s antics and took it home for his children. Soon all the kids in the neighborhood wanted one too. His invention hadn’t worked as an anti-vibration device for ships, so he decided to turn it into a toy.

In 1945, the first Slinky was demonstrated at Gimbels Department Store in Philadelphia. Within 90 minutes after the toy’s performance, all 400 Slinkys on hand were sold.

James designed and engineered machines to transform 80 feet of wire into a two-and one-half-inch stack of 98 coils, and he and his wife, Betty, co-founded James Industries. Today the company continues to operate in Hollidaysburg, Pa., manufacturing some 3 million to 4 million Slinkys annually. Mrs. James, who came up with the name “Slinky” has been chief executive officer since 1960.

The first Slinkys were manufactured from an expensive, dark steel from Sweden. It wasn’t long though before the Jameses switched to a more silver-looking steel; then in the ‘60s, a coating gave the spring an even more silvery appearance. Since late 1978, the Slinky also is made of the plastic, K-Resin® styrene-butadiene copolymer from Chevron Phillips Chemical Co.

 

“We decided to make Slinkys in plastic,” explained Mrs. James, “because younger children tangled the metal ones too easily and had trouble holding onto them. With plastic, we can manufacture a larger diameter Slinky which is easier for small hands to manage, and we can produce it in bright colors that really appeal to children.”

 

==

http://home.messiah.edu/~barrett/slinky/home.htm - The Slinky - the physics lab in box

  http://home.messiah.edu/~barrett/slinky/history.htm - history [more: physics experiments, centripetal force, etc.]

 

==

http://www.tpt.org/newtons/9/slink.html - Newton’s Apple, Show Number 908: SLINKY PHYSICS - How Do Toys Work?

single page, has activities

 

 

msu_slinkyonthetable.jpg

Descending airplane

Airplane descending helical wire. Tin, wood, and wire with celluloid propeller. German, circa 1910. - Spilhaus p90

 

spilhaus1.gif

Pecking Bird

Pecking Bird - A toy bird slides down a rod giving up energy to friction and pecking. - U of Az  - see FOLK TOYS - {ASU demo}

asu_1M30.30(03).jpg

Perpetuo

TW

 

Wobblers

TW - see scholarly papers - DIY made from two beer mats, Rig-a-Jig, even a plastic soda bottle (the kind with bumps on the base) “walking” down the surface of a car hood

 

Climbatron,

Vertibug, Astronaut Scout Wall Walking Robots

http://www.iit.edu/~smile/weekly/mp092402.html

High School Mathematics Physics SMILE Meeting - 24 September 2002 [Google “physics-toy” 1/15/05]

 

Bill Blunk (Joliet Central HS, Physics) Slow Motion Climbatron [saved climbatron.jpg from www.spacetoys.com $10.95, also Stinger Climbatron and Astronaut Scout Wall Walking Robots, $14.95 from Benjamin Toys ltd.I think; vertibug.jpg Climbatron VertiBug Suction Walker from www.partsupply.in.th  ]
Bill
showed us a genuinely new Physics Toy, which he acquired during  his most recent annual pilgrimage to the Amazing Toys establishment in Great Falls MT. [ http://www.amazingtoys.net/ for information on the establishment and discussion of one of his previous visits see the SMILE write-up http://www.iit.edu/~smile/weekly/mp091101.htm]. This robotic toy, equipped with four suction-cup feet and driven by two AAA batteries, could climb windows, blackboards, and walls.  It even “walked” on a flat table held upside down.  A primitive internal cam converted driven longitudinal oscillation into transverse oscillations.  Thus,  the suction feet moved transversely, with those on the right side in opposite phase to those on the left side, one small step at a time. This toy is distributed by Action Products International, Inc; Orlando FL [http://www.apii.com], and listed as Item # 56214 on the package. Bill remarked that physics teachers should seek, find and play with new toys in order to maintain their enthusiasm for teaching, as well as to keep up with the technology, etc. 

climbatron.jpg

vertibug.jpg

balloon racer

balloon racer, - {RT}, Motion toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

tfig8-wt.jpg

water rocket

water rocket, - {RT}, Motion toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

tfig8-wt.jpg

Rat Fink Hydro Racer

Rat Fink Hydro Racer- {RT}, Motion toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

tfig8-wt.jpg

Radical Blocks

Radical Blocks - {RT}, Motion toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

tfig8-wt.jpg

Christmas tree spinner

Christmas tree spinner, - {RT}, Motion toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

tfig9-wt.jpg

humdinger

humdinger, - {RT}, Motion toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

tfig9-wt.jpg

ribbon spinner

ribbon spinner - {RT}, Motion toys, saved w/ Physics and Toys.htm

tfig9-wt.jpg

Radiometer - Crooke’s

Crooke’s radiometer - U of Az {ASU demo}

 

The radiometer is something that ought to work in one way according to theory but actually works in another way in practice, in a sense defying the established science, but which can be explained quite easily. I only mention it as a curiosity. If you want to know more about it visit the homepage :

http://lecture.lite.msu.edu/~mmp/kap24/Radiometer.htm

 

==

http://www.weburbia.demon.co.uk/physics/light-mill.html - How does a light-mill work?

  Light-mill = Crookes’ radiometer. UK page, part of Usenet Physics FAQ

 

 

asu_VE14-23.jpg

Wilberforce pendulum

If the rotational inertia and the mass are adjusted just so, you can see energy transfer between two modes of oscillation (longitudinal and torsional).  It's a wonderful, thought-provoking physics toy.

 

 

 

Double Cone

http://www.marcdatabase.com/~lemur/rb-perpetual.html

The Rolling Ball Web

An Online Compendium of Rolling Ball Sculptures, Clocks, Etc.

By David M. MacMillan et. al.

[Google “physics-toy” 1/15/05]

 

1829 Conical Railway

On page 164, Ord-Hume reproduces an engraving from The Mechanic’s Magazine, London, 1829 which shows a perpetual motion railway. This proposed railway consisted of an undulating track. The car was suspended betwen the rails of this track on two large conical wheels. It is difficult to reconstruct the operation of this railway from the engraving and Ord-Hume’s description. It appears from Ord-Hume’s description that as the rails descend, they are parallel, and as they ascend, they narrow. This seems, to me, to be backwards. In the engraving, however, the rails appear parallel.

 

This railway seems to be similar to the physics toy in which a double-cone appears to ascend up a widening, ascending set of rails. At all times, however, the actual center of gravity of the double-cone is descending. There is a variant of this toy in current production which uses a ball rather than a double cone, in which it is the goal of the player to adjust the angles of two rails in order to move the ball as far as possible “uphill.”

 

 

Double Cone

 Double cone on an inclined plane. The double cone has its center of mass roll down hill but seems to go uphill. ASU copyright - U of Az {ASU demo}

asu_1J11.50A(01).jpg

 

 

 

SOUND & LIGHT

see Perception/Sound, Sight

 

Home                       Descriptions/compilation ©2005 Tim Walker. Direct quotations and images cited under fair use remain the property of original copyright holders.